Since Hajj is a once-in-a-lifetime experience for most people, the importance of early and adequate preparation cannot be over-emphasized. There is a considerable investment of money, time, and physical effort required for the Pilgrimage to be fulfilling and meaningful. Information has to be collected, itineraries must be worked out, and documents have to be readied. The purpose of these preparations is not only to minimize physical discomfort, emotional aggravation, and monetary expenses, but also to enable you to perform Hajj in relative peace of heart and mind. Therefore, it makes sense to be as ready as possible for this momentous journey of self-discovery, self-appraisal, and spiritual enlightenment.
Arrangements must be started early enough so that you are not rushed for time in the few days before your voyage commences. The paperwork, shopping, finalizing your travel and residential arrangements inside Saudi Arabia will consume a great deal of time: Three to four months ahead of your actual date of departure is a good estimate for starting your preparations. Your travel agent or a knowledgeable friend who has performed Hajj recently, can also guide you in your preparations. Be sure to apply a “factor of safety” to their recommendations and allow yourself a somewhat greater period of preparation than they advise!
The following guidelines are intended to get you started in the right direction. Since individual needs and preferences vary widely, you will probably add to the list as you prepare for the journey.
Travel Companions for Hajj
The rulings of Shariah are equal for both men and women. However, due to natural differences, there are distinct aspects in the observance of certain acts of worship for men and women. Similarly, in Islamic Shariah, there are specific rules for women regarding Hajj. Women must fulfill additional conditions before going for Hajj. It is not permissible for women to go for Hajj without a husband or a Mahram (unmarriageable male relative) according to Shariah. Although the Hajj may be performed despite being Makruh (undesirable), the women will be considered sinful. (Al Jawhara: 1/150)
Prohibition of Traveling Without a Mahram
Essentially, traveling without a Mahram contradicts the teachings of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). There are numerous hadiths regarding this prohibition. In one hadith, the Prophet (peace be upon him) said, "No man should be in seclusion with a woman without her Mahram." Then a man stood up and said, "O Messenger of Allah! I have enlisted for such-and-such battle, but my wife has set out for Hajj." The Prophet (peace be upon him) said, "Go back and perform Hajj with your wife." (Sahih Bukhari: 5233; Sahih Muslim: 1341)
Who Are Considered Mahrams?
Mahram refers to those with whom marriage is permanently prohibited. A person can be Mahram for three reasons:
1. Blood relation: Such as father, son, full and half-brothers, grandfather (paternal or maternal), paternal and maternal uncles, grandson, etc.
2. Marriage relation: Such as husband, father-in-law, and son-in-law.
3. Milk kinship: Such as foster brothers or foster sons.